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Send Feedback. Thank you for taking time to provide your feedback to the editors. EBNA2 is known to work through human transcription factors, which bind to DNA and affect the expression of genes nearby. The team also used RELI to compare the genetic regions tied to risk of other autoimmune diseases. They found that EBNA2 bound to regions associated with the risk for multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and celiac disease.
Many transcription factors were associated with these regions as well. Anthony S. References: Transcription factors operate across disease loci, with EBNA2 implicated in autoimmunity. Nat Genet. There were 36 About other co-infection pathogens investigated in our study, only 8. Sixty Ten No patients died in our study. Eight EBV is a ubiquitous human virus with a productive lytic cycle and a latent phase. The acute infection phase is mainly asymptomatic in children and the latent infection phase can be last for the whole life In our study, Meanwhile, the specificity of positive VCA IgM antibody need to be verified, as it may have cross-reactivities with CMV and other respiratory pathogens.
Other respiratory pathogens were also tested, only 8. Lehner et al. Thus, the possibility of false positive about the EBV coinfection in our study is small. EBV reactivation has been reported in psychological stress of various type because of the impaired cellular immune function, including student examination stress 18 , attachment anxiety 19 and loneliness Liu et al.
Paolucci et al. As our patients were adult population, therefore, we speculate that during acute viral infection i. CRP, as an acute reactant, is produced in bacterial infection or inflammation Some studies reported that CRP was higher in the severe group than in the non-severe group 25 , 26 , and may also be a potential predictor of disease severity Zhao et al.
Luca Roncati et al. In addition to manifesting hyperpyrexia accompanied by dyspnea, the patient also had hepatosplenomegaly. That may be the small sample of our study. The reason of this negative result might be that most of our included COVID patients were mild cases Similar to previous study, the typical symptoms on admission of our COVID patients were fever, dry cough, fatigue and myalgia 34 , 35 , indicating the representativeness of our COVID patients.
EBV co-infected patients may be advised to use corticosteroid. Our study had several limitations. First, our study was a retrospective design, we could not confirm the time of EBV infection. Second, the sample size in our study was relatively small. Forth, because of the small sample and most included patients were mild cases, we could not analyze the statistical associations between anti-EBV antibodies and the mortality of COVID Exclusion criteria: 1 In hospital time later than February 29, ; 2 Most clinical information were missing.
It is one of the most common human viruses. EBV is found all over the world. Most people get infected with EBV at some point in their lives. EBV spreads most commonly through bodily fluids, primarily saliva. EBV can cause infectious mononucleosis , also called mono, and other illnesses.
Many people become infected with EBV in childhood. EBV infections in children usually do not cause symptoms, or the symptoms are not distinguishable from other mild, brief childhood illnesses. People who get symptoms from EBV infection, usually teenagers or adults, get better in two to four weeks. However, some people may feel fatigued for several weeks or even months. After you get an EBV infection, the virus becomes latent inactive in your body.
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