These included the prohibition of detached houses, thus leading to a -Accessibility: Hammarby district is accessible from all compact urban building structure and the prohibition of directions to provide high connectivity and reduce traffic buildings exceeding four storeys. The pattern of buildings has congestion. Daily needs, facilities and public transportation emphasised a linear —grid arrangement to achieve variety and stations are accessible within max 10 min.
In preferential allocation of land to private builders and co- Vauban district, a hierarchy of roads are available to provide operative building projects. This is illustrated by the numerous permeable and accessible destinations. Both the city atmosphere. A similar assessment has been conducted to show centre and rail station are accessible in about 12 minutes with the performance of the indicators [Appendix.
However, linkage with other neighbourhoods needs substantially more identified and cohesive corridors. In the Second district, Permeability and connectivity are highly encouraged through efficient planning of the pathway network.
Visual and physical connectivity are utilised through creating safety corridors among the blocks. Although the project has been designed by various architectural offices, the general theme, unity and architectural rhythm of the building have been arranged with spectacular harmony. While in Vauban, the Massing and architectural treatment is moderately simple and restrained, often enlivened with colour and with planting draping over balconies. The ground floors of nearly all the buildings along the main corridor have been designed as flexible spaces, suitable for retail, leisure or community use.
However, the area lacks a few daily needs and good competitive stores. In the second area, the inter-mixing of housing, shops, restaurants, workplaces, social centre, and other activities places many destinations close together, thus inviting more walking and bicycling.
Figure 4 — 5. The open spaces According to the previous discussion, the main conclusions and activity nodes evolve along movement patterns with are clarified as the following: intimate enclosures by the urban blocks and visual interaction -Accessibility: The aim of this indicator is to analyse between residents and visitors.
In Vauban the articulation of provision of accessible streets and pathways to places and buildings and the arrangement of the urban pattern are spaces and if they are well-defined, safe, and direct. This relatively simple and create proportionate open spaces. The dimension has indicated high values in both districts. This issue has been the attention to detail. The grains, contiguity According to the data analysis, this feature has been well- and the proportions are thoroughly designed.
However, street businesses, transit infrastructure and community gatherings hierarchy, permeability, and visual connectivity are efficiently and hence offers a better quality of life than existing suburbs.
According to the analysis, the re-interpreted in a modern style. Urban identity in Vauban has current built environment in both districts has indicated no specific local uniqueness, history or landmarks. However, achieve liveable, vibrant and social places. These districts this project lacked participation of the users in planning have succeeded in attracting visitors from other districts due to processes and the interaction between inhabitants and their the attractive social places.
Diverse transportation and willingness to change behaviour towards environmental building types have added extra credit to the areas. In Vauban, residents were closely engaged in the development process at every level and - Nodality: This indicator has indicated high values among the continue to be involved in running the district which ensures others.
The design of nodes, open spaces and pedestrian they are still closely engaged in the development process at pathways are professionally regarded. Moreover, the provision every level. However, the location and the orientation of the of social public spaces and children playground has been well building have less significant sustainable characteristics.
The results have remarkably shown that this element has been well-achieved in both areas. Furthermore, as mentioned earlier, diverse building type was an important factor in the selection of these projects.
The spatial arrangement of the buildings inclusively refers to the proper layout of the blocks horizontally and vertically. In this sense, the current patterns of the residential projects have significantly attain a high standard of solid and void mass, positive and negative space, human scale and building contiguity requirements.
Figure 6. The modern sense of place through the use of physical and historical architectural style and re-used construction materials in both features which reflex the local character and city image.
In addition, the designers have given residential blocks which can minimise energy use and respond primacy to achieve identifiable nodes and public domains to the local climatic conditions. The participation should not be limited to - Adaptability: As discussed earlier, long term adaptability is information, but to an active involvement by all residents in one of the most significant dimensions in promoting long- the urban development and in the decision making process.
According to the results, the project management and resilience indication have been well- achieved. Suzuki, R. Cervero, and K. Luchi, Transforming Finally, a set of recommendations are presented to enhance Cities with Transit, Transit and Land-Use Integration the local built fabric in terms of urban pattern and its impact for Sustainable Urban Development, Washington on achieving sustainable urban forms as follows: DC: The World Bank, - Improve the overall access to local services and public [3] M.
Santamouris, Environmental Design of Urban facilities within the residential neighbourhood. Moreover, Buildings; an Integrated Approach, London: provide direct as much as possible , safe, and convenient Earthscan, pathways between residential blocks private zones and these public facilities public zones.
Williams, E. Burton and M. Jenks, and N. Dempsey, Future Forms and Design one hand and with other adjacent neighbourhoods on the other for Sustainable Cities, Oxford: Architectural Press, hand.
Jenks, and C. Jones, The Dimensions of the architectural design of the new districts could be adopted to Sustainable Cities, London: Springer, integrate more coherently, with diverse local context. Newman, and I. Burton, and L. Masnavi, M. Sustainable Urban Forms - To improve community wellbeing the planning, urban planning and Design Strategies: The Compact city, pattern and detailed design of new residential villages should Urban Sprawl, and Mixed Use development in theory include appropriate connected nodes of open spaces and green and practice, Saarbrucken: LAP Lambert Academic areas which encourage physical, social and cultural activities.
Publishing, - Provide a variety of housing types and densities particularly [10] E. Talen, Sprawl retrofit: sustainable urban form in around activity centres and public transport nodes to unsustainable places, Environment and Planning B, encourage diverse and integrated communities.
Carmona, T. Heath, T. Tiesdell, [19] H. For the vision of Kuala Lumpur, a city of and details for providing, enhancing, and maintaining parks and facilities for all people, beautification green spaces and parks. National planning came up with programs and the establishment and maintenance of park specific expectations from the local experts to form a areas are ongoing year to year [18], [19].
England evaluates the quality of their landscape 4. This can offer guiding information for developing landscape policies. Singapore has one of the highest per person incomes in There is a European Landscape Convection, established Asia.
It has a year development plan based on five in , whose members include most European main targets: worthy living environment, complete countries including the United Kingdom. It has laws society, economic development, a sustainable Singapore, above the national level for the conservation, planning, and a comfortable home for the public [20]. CABE After about five decades of rapid urbanization, has come up with a funding model to increase urban industrialization, and declining forests, Singapore gave green space and claims that this funding can be used more attention to urban greening as a main development around the world [29].
London is already one of the objective [21]. They had the idea of becoming a garden greenest cities in the world. From the city in the world garden. Firstly, the country started a above, it is obvious that they have maintained their plans green program to create a green and clean city before and programs. Some of their policies, activities, issuing any other programs [21].
Smart allocation has experiences, and programs should be used in been established for the greening of the city. Based on Afghanistan to sustain the landscape there and keep it these experiences, Singapore can be a role model for durable.
With its green Based on the above knowledge, the researcher landscape, it deserves the title of Garden city [22] [6]. The country started off primarily by Malaysia, and England. But the problem in Afghanistan creating housing and employment for the people and by is that there is not a clear or significant management creating small parks by hand. This review shows that the appropriate planning, programs, activities and guidelines can lead to proper 5 Comparing the best management management.
Ultimately, suitable management ensures practices of Malaysia, England and the sustainability of the landscape of a country. This Singapore paper is the result of an analytical study of lessons learned from the countries of Malaysia, Singapore and Table 1: Best practices management comparison England. The research shows that urban landscape sustainability can be achieved with proper planning, Key best practice Malaysia Singapore England implementation, organization, activities, availability and management usage of guidelines.
Some of the countries program in the applied effective measures and achieved landscape local institute of higher education. To achieve this vision, the local government programs and established national parks, prepared and approved establishment and landscape safe-keeping policies, and implemented maintenance of several other measures to enhance urban green space in park areas are the city.
They also hired trained technical and continuously running year to professional staff. Rakhshandehroo, M. Mohd Yusof, R. Arabi, own vision in order to have a stable management. In and R. Jahandarfard, Strategies to improve Malaysia, a national landscape department has been sustainability in urban landscape, literature review, established. This department focuses on leading and J. Jansson and T. Urban Green.
The International Journal of education. Tahir and M. Each 1 1 , Based on 5. Mahayudin, M. Mohd Yunos, M. Othuman the above knowledge, the researcher notes that very Mydin, and M.
Law Present Trends Perspect. Cambridge, UK, no. Wilson and O. Yoong, K. Lim, L. Lee, N. Zakaria, Geh and I.
Edited By: A. Brebbia, Wessex Institute, UK;. Free open access. Landscape is more than a beautiful sight. Landscape is widely known as the integrated perception of the outdoors environment; this is to say, the awareness of the daily habitat, or the result of the interaction between natural forces and human activity.
The purpose here is to point out how a wise understanding and managing of the landscape phenomena largely contributes to a sustainable city. An attitude towards nature that reduces it to seize the goodness of immediate material resources and waste disposal facilities, or to satisfy inconvenient alien aesthetics has led to a divorce between urban inhabitants and natural local processes and expressions.
Therefore, society has been called to produce other kind of energy in order to replace or compensate the wasted natural one, with the delusion of being sustainable. Since the progressive transformation of landscape may be perceived, lived and breathed by residents in urban settlements it might be valued, regulated and planned by them as well, providing a tangible and practical meaning of sustainability based on a sense of place.
A considerable part of the professional work originated from the landscape thinking and knowledge can provide a significant contribution towards sustainability.
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